Enterocolitis severa secundaria a ipilimumab y nivolumab con excelente respuesta a dosis única de infliximab / No disponible

No disponible

Severe enterocolitis secondary to ipilimumab and nivolumab with an excellent response to a single dose of infliximab.

Immunotherapy is gaining significance in the management of oncological disease. It has demonstrated high levels of efficacy, though it also has hitherto unknown side effects, such as colitis. We present the first case of immune checkpoint inhibitor colitis (nivolumab+ipilimumab) refractory to corticoids treated in our hospital.

Toxicidad hepática inducida por terbinafina / Terbinafine-induced hepatotoxicity

No disponible

Usefulness of bioelectrical impedance analysis for monitoring patients with refractory ascites

Background: bioelectrical impedance analysis is a technique for the determination of the hydropic component. The hydropic component, determined by blood volume, could be a reflection of the hemodynamic situation. This study aimed to evaluate the usefulness of peripheral bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) for the prediction of hemodynamic changes in large-volume paracentesis and prognosis. Methods: this was a proof-of-concept prospective study of 14 patients with liver cirrhosis and refractory ascites. Peripheral bioimpedance was measured three times using a portable device, IVOL(R), before and after large-volume paracentesis, at different frequencies (5, 10, 20, 50, 100 and 200 kHz). Consequently, resistance, reactance and phase angle were obtained, both pre- and post-paracentesis (the difference between them was defined as Δ). Results: the mean age of patients was 62.2 +/- 9.6 years, the Child-Pugh was 8.4 +/- 1.3 and the MELD score was 15.2 +/- 3.9. A direct correlation between the extraction of ascitic fluid and Δresistance (10 kHz [r = 0.722; n = 12; p = 0.008], 20 kHz [r = 0.658; n = 12; p = 0.020] and 50 kHz [r = 0.519; n = 14; p = 0.057]) was observed. The presence of edema was related to lower values of both pre-paracentesis resistance (10 Hz [23.9 +/- 8 vs 32.2 +/- 4; p = 0.043]) and phase angle (5 kHz [-1.9+/- 2.8 vs 5.9 +/- 7.3; p = 0.032]). Pre-paracentesis phase angle was directly correlated with the decline in blood pressure after paracentesis at lower frequencies (5 kHz [r = 0.694; n = 13; p = 0.008] and 10 kHz [r = 0.661; n = 13; p = 0.014]). Lower frequencies of Δphase-angle impacted on patient prognosis (5 kHz [-8.6 +/- 5 vs -2.5 +/- 2.7; p = 0.021]), patients with Δphase-angle 5 kHz > -4 had a higher rate of mortality (83.3% [5/6] vs 0% [0/6]; logRank 7.306, p = 0.007). Δresistance values were associated with overt HE at six months (10 kHz [4.9 +/- 2.5 vs -0.4 +/- 4.7; p = 0.046]). Conclusions: in conclusion, a significant correlation between peripheral impedance and hemodynamic changes was found. Impedance was also significantly related to prognosis and overt hepatic encephalopathy

No disponible

Usefulness of bioelectrical impedance analysis for monitoring patients with refractory ascites.

BACKGROUND: bioelectrical impedance analysis is a technique for the determination of the hydropic component. The hydropic component, determined by blood volume, could be a reflection of the hemodynamic situation. This study aimed to evaluate the usefulness of peripheral bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) for the prediction of hemodynamic changes in large-volume paracentesis and prognosis. METHODS: this was a proof-of-concept prospective study of 14 patients with liver cirrhosis and refractory ascites. Peripheral bioimpedance was measured three times using a portable device, IVOL®, before and after large-volume paracentesis, at different frequencies (5, 10, 20, 50, 100 and 200 kHz). Consequently, resistance, reactance and phase angle were obtained, both pre- and post-paracentesis (the difference between them was defined as Δ). RESULTS: the mean age of patients was 62.2 ± 9.6 years, the Child-Pugh was 8.4 ± 1.3 and the MELD score was 15.2 ± 3.9. A direct correlation between the extraction of ascitic fluid and Δresistance (10 kHz [r = 0.722; n = 12; p = 0.008], 20 kHz [r = 0.658; n = 12; p = 0.020] and 50 kHz [r = 0.519; n = 14; p = 0.057]) was observed. The presence of edema was related to lower values of both pre-paracentesis resistance (10 Hz [23.9  8 vs 32.2  4; p = 0.043]) and phase angle (5 kHz [-1.9 2.8 vs 5.9  7.3; p = 0.032]). Pre-paracentesis phase angle was directly correlated with the decline in blood pressure after paracentesis at lower frequencies (5 kHz [r = 0.694; n = 13; p = 0.008] and 10 kHz [r = 0.661; n = 13; p = 0.014]). Lower frequencies of Δphase-angle impacted on patient prognosis (5 kHz [-8.6 ± 5 vs -2.5 ± 2.7; p = 0.021]), patients with Δphase-angle 5 kHz > -4 had a higher rate of mortality (83.3% [5/6] vs 0% [0/6]; logRank 7.306, p = 0.007). Δresistance values were associated with overt HE at six months (10 kHz [4.9  2.5 vs -0.4  4.7; p = 0.046]). CONCLUSIONS: in conclusion, a significant correlation between peripheral impedance and hemodynamic changes was found. Impedance was also significantly related to prognosis and overt hepatic encephalopathy.

Hiperplasia nodular regenerativa, trombosis portal y mielofibrosis primaria: una triple asociación inusual / Regenerative nodular hyperplasia, portal vein thrombosis and primary myelofibrosis: an unusual triple association

No disponible

Hepatitis aguda grave y anemia hemolítica por crioaglutininas secundarias a primoinfección por virus Epstein-Barr / Severe acute hepatitis and cold agglutinin-related hemolytic anemia secondary to prime infection with Epstein-Barr virus

El virus Ebstein-Barr, miembro de la familia Herpesviridae, es responsable del síndrome clínico conocido como mononucleosis infecciosa, que consiste principalmente en la triada faringitis, fiebre y linfadenopatía, tras un periodo de incubación de entre 30 y 50 días. La afectación hepática suele darse en el 80-90% de los pacientes de forma autolimitada y transitoria, mientras que es bastante menos frecuente que se produzca ictericia (5%). Desde el punto de vista hematológico puede cursar con anemia hemolítica, anemia aplásica, neutropenia y trombocitopenia. Presentamos un caso clínico de mononucleosis infecciosa que cursó con hepatitis aguda grave y asoció anemia hemolítica severa secundaria a crioaglutininas. Tras descartar otras etiologías y ante la sospecha clínica y posterior confirmación analítica de la asociación antes mencionada, se instauró tratamiento empírico con antivirales (aciclovir + valganciclovir) y corticoides, objetivando mejoría progresiva hasta la resolución completa del cuadro clínico. Creemos, por tanto, que este caso sirve para reforzar el cuerpo de evidencia clínica que apoya esta terapia conjunta en los casos más graves de mononucleosis infecciosa como paso previo al trasplante hepático (AU)

Epstein-Barr virus, a member of the Herpesviridae family, is responsible for the infectious mononucleosis clinical syndrome, which mainly includes the pharyngitis, fever, and lymphadenopathy triad after incubation for 30-50 days. The liver is involved in 80-90% of patients in a self-limiting transient manner, with jaundice being much more uncommon (5%). From a hematological standpoint it may manifest aplastic anemia, neutropenia, and thrombocytopenia. We report a case of infectious mononucleosis that included severe acute hepatitis and was associated with severe hemolytic anemia secondary to cold agglutinins. After exclusion of other etiologies, and given the clinical suspicion of the above association, which was later confirmed by lab tests, empiric therapy was initiated with antiviral agents (aciclovir + valganciclovir) and corticoids, which resulted in a progressive clinical improvement until complete remission. Therefore, we believe that this case report will reinforce the clinical evidence in support of the above combined therapy for serious infectious mononucleosis as a step prior to liver transplantation (AU)

Severe acute hepatitis and cold agglutinin-related hemolytic anemia secondary to prime infection with Epstein-Barr virus.

Epstein-Barr virus, a member of the Herpesviridae family, is responsible for the infectious mononucleosis clinical syndrome, which mainly includes the pharyngitis, fever, and lymphadenopathy triad after incubation for 30-50 days. The liver is involved in 80-90% of patients in a self-limiting transient manner, with jaundice being much more uncommon (5%). From a hematological standpoint it may manifest aplastic anemia, neutropenia, and thrombocytopenia. We report a case of infectious mononucleosis that included severe acute hepatitis and was associated with severe hemolytic anemia secondary to cold agglutinins. After exclusion of other etiologies, and given the clinical suspicion of the above association, which was later confirmed by lab tests, empiric therapy was initiated with antiviral agents (aciclovir + valganciclovir) and corticoids, which resulted in a progressive clinical improvement until complete remission. Therefore, we believe that this case report will reinforce the clinical evidence in support of the above combined therapy for serious infectious mononucleosis as a step prior to liver transplantation.

Obstrucción colónica secundaria a fecaloma de sigma resuelta endoscópicamente con Coca-Cola(R) / Colonic obstruction secondary to sigmoid fecaloma endoscopically resolved with Coca-Cola(R)

Introducción: la obstrucción colónica es una patología relativamente frecuente en el área de urgencias, con una mortalidad de hasta el 20%. En el 90% de los casos se debe a adenocarcinoma de colon o recto, vólvulo o estenosis secundaria a enfermedad diverticular. Respecto a la impactación de material fecal como causa de la misma es una entidad que suele manejarse forma conservadora, aunque en ocasiones puede complicarse y precisar incluso de intervención quirúrgica para su resolución. Basándonos en la efectividad demostrada de la Coca-Cola® para disolver fitobezoars gástricos planteamos su uso en un caso de obstrucción colónica secundaria a fecaloma de sigma. Caso clínico: se trata de una mujer de 58 años que acude a urgencias por cuadro de estreñimiento pertinaz de 6 días de evolución. En las pruebas radiológicas realizadas se demostró la presencia gran masa de material fecal impactada en colon sigmoides que condicionaba dilatación retrógrada de asas colónicas. Tras el fracaso de las medidas conservadoras con enemas de limpieza y lactulosa oral, se decidió desimpactar el fecaloma mediante colonoscopia valiéndonos de Coca-Cola®, que aplicamos con irrigaciones e inyección local. Esto disminuyó su consistencia y permitió la fragmentación con asa del fecaloma. Discusión: la Coca-Cola® ya se emplea para disolver fitobezoars gástricos. La composición similar de los fecalomas hace suponer que esta sea también efectiva como así fue en el caso de nuestra paciente, permitiendo no tener que intervenir a la paciente. Nuestro caso es el segundo publicado en el que la Coca-Cola® ayudó a la resolución de una obstrucción colónica secundaria a fecaloma (AU)

Background: Colonic obstruction is a relatively common condition in emergency care, with a mortality rate of up to 20%. In 90% of cases it results from colonic or rectal adenocarcinoma, volvulus, or stenosis secondary to diverticular disease. When fecal impaction is the underlying cause, the condition is usually managed conservatively, but may on occasion become complicated and even require surgical intervention. Based on the proven efficacy of Coca-Cola® to dissolve gastric phytobezoars, we report a case of colonic obstruction secondary to sigmoid fecaloma. Case report: A 58 years old woman arrived at the Emergency Room (ER) with persistent constipation for the last six days. An abdominal CT scan showed a large fecal mass at the sigmoid colon with retrograde dilated colonic loops. Cleansing enemas and oral lactulose were administered, which failed to resolve the clinical presentation, so we then proceeded to inject Coca-Cola® within the fecaloma using a sclerosing needle, and then washed the fecaloma surface also with Coca-Cola®. After a few minutes we started to fragment the fecalith, the consistency of which had been notably decreased. Discussion: The use of Coca-Cola® for gastric washes in the management of phytobezoars is well established. Since fecaliths are partly composed of these same substances than phytobezoars, the use of Coca-Cola® might well be warranted against them as in our patient, without surgery. Our case report is the second one published in the literature, in which Coca-Cola® helped solve colonic obstruction secondary to fecaloma (AU)

Colonic obstruction secondary to sigmoid fecaloma endoscopically resolved with Coca-Cola®.

BACKGROUND: Colonic obstruction is a relatively common condition in emergency care, with a mortality rate of up to 20%. In 90% of cases it results from colonic or rectal adenocarcinoma, volvulus, or stenosis secondary to diverticular disease. When fecal impaction is the underlying cause, the condition is usually managed conservatively, but may on occasion become complicated and even require surgical intervention. Based on the proven efficacy of Coca-Cola® to dissolve gastric phytobezoars, we report a case of colonic obstruction secondary to sigmoid fecaloma. CASE REPORT: A 58 years old woman arrived at the Emergency Room (ER) with persistent constipation for the last six days. An abdominal CT scan showed a large fecal mass at the sigmoid colon with retrograde dilated colonic loops. Cleansing enemas and oral lactulose were administered, which failed to resolve the clinical presentation, so we then proceeded to inject Coca-Cola® within the fecaloma using a sclerosing needle, and then washed the fecaloma surface also with Coca-Cola®. After a few minutes we started to fragment the fecalith, the consistency of which had been notably decreased. DISCUSSION: The use of Coca-Cola® for gastric washes in the management of phytobezoars is well established. Since fecaliths are partly composed of these same substances than phytobezoars, the use of Coca-Cola® might well be warranted against them as in our patient, without surgery. Our case report is the second one published in the literature, in which Coca-Cola® helped solve colonic obstruction secondary to fecaloma.

Downhill varices: an uncommon cause of upper gastrointestinal bleeding.

BACKGROUND: Upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) is a common condition in gastroenterology, but "Downhill Varices" (DHV) or varices of the upper oesophagus are an uncommon cause of UGIB, with different aetiology from lower third oesophageal varices and different therapeutic implications. CASE REPORT: A 28-year-old male patient, with a history of chronic kidney failure secondary undergoing haemodialysis and superior vena cava syndrome (SCVS) due to multiple catheter replacements, was admitted to the Emergency Department with haematemesis secondary to a varicose vein rupture in the proximal third of oesophagus, treated initially with ethanolamine. Subsequent diagnostic studies showed the collateral circulation secondary to the SCVS. No further endoscopic or endovascular therapy could be performed and the patient will finally undergo a surgical bypass. DISCUSSION: DHVs are a very uncommon condition and endoscopic band ligation emerges as the appropriate therapeutic approach for the bleeding event. The definitive therapy continues to be that for the cause of the SVCS.

'Downhill varices': una causa poco frecuente de hemorragia digestiva alta / Downhill varices: an uncommon cause of upper gastrointestinal bleeding

Introducción: la hemorragia digestiva alta (HDA) es una entidad común en gastroenterología, pero las ‘Downhill varices’ (DHV) son una causa infrecuente de HDA, con diferente etiología de las varices esofágicas de tercio inferior y con diferentes implicaciones terapéuticas. Caso clínico: varón de 28 años de edad, con antecedentes de insuficiencia renal crónica sometido a hemodiálisis y síndrome de vena cava superior(SVCS) debido a múltiples sustituciones catéter, acude a urgencias por hematemesis secundaria a ruptura de una variz en tercio proximal de esófago, que inicialmente se trata con etanolamina. El estudio diagnóstico posterior demostró la circulación colateral secundaria al SVCS. No se pudo realizar terapia endoscópica o endovascular y el paciente finalmente se someterá a un bypass quirúrgico. Discusión: las DHV son una entidad infrecuente y la ligadura endoscópica con bandas se erige como el abordaje terapéutico apropiado para el evento hemorrágico. La terapia definitiva sigue siendo la de la causa del SVCS (AU)

Background: Upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) is a common condition in gastroenterology, but ‘Downhill Varices’ (DHV) or varices of the upper oesophagus are an uncommon cause of UGIB, with different aetiology from lower third oesophageal varices and different therapeutic implications. Case report: A 28-year-old male patient, with a history of chronic kidney failure secondary undergoing haemodialysis and superior vena cava syndrome (SCVS) due to multiple catheter replacements, was admitted to the Emergency Department with haematemesis secondary to a varicose vein rupture in the proximal third of oesophagus, treated initially with ethanolamine. Subsequent diagnostic studies showed the collateral circulation secondary to the SCVS. No further endoscopic or endovascular therapy could be performed and the patient will finally undergo a surgical bypass. Discussion: DHVs are a very uncommon condition and endoscopic band ligation emerges as the appropriate therapeutic approach for the bleeding event. The definitive therapy continues to be that for the cause of the SVCS (AU)

Listeria monocytogenes y su relación con terapia no biológica en la enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal / Listeria monocytogenes and its relationship with non-biological therapy in inflammatory bowel disease

No disponible

Pancreatitis aguda necrotizante posterior a quimioembolización transarterial de hepatocarcinoma: una complicación infrecuente / Acute necrotizing pancreatitis after transarterial chemoembolization of hepatocellular carcinoma: an usual complication

No disponible